What is defined as the load factor in aviation?

Load factor in aviation is defined as the ratio of the total load supported by the wings to the weight of the aircraft. This measurement is crucial because it indicates the amount of lift the aircraft is generating relative to its weight during different flight conditions, such as in straight and level flight, turns, or during maneuvers.

When an aircraft is in level flight, the load factor is typically 1, meaning the lift equals the weight. However, during maneuvers like turns or climbs, the load factor can increase significantly, often exceeding 1. This increased load factor impacts the structural integrity of the aircraft and is essential for pilots to understand to avoid overstressing the airframe.

Understanding load factor also relates to performance, as it affects stall speed; a higher load factor increases stall speed, making it vital for pilots to factor this into their flight planning and execution.